-bauer



(No Model.) 3 sneetsneet 1.

T. BAUER.y

COKE OVEN.

No. 406,986. Patented July 16, 1889.

WIT/VESSES: VEA/T07? fw/Mmmm. A

ATTORNEYS, .E

Nv PETERS. Pnum-Lnnogmpnw. washington un.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

T. BAUER.

com OVEN.

Patented July 16, 1889.

WIT/VESSES:

N. PETERSY Pmmmhogmphan wnsrngiam D. C.

(No Model.)

T. BAUER.

COKE OVEN.

No. 406,986. Patented July 16, 1889..

WIT/VESSES:

A TTOHNEYJ.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THEODOR BAUER, OF MUNICH, BAVARIA, GERMANY.

COKE- OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 406,986, dated July 16,1889.

Serial No. 245,925. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THEODOR BAUER, of Munich, Germany, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Coke-Ovens, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in coke-furnaces in which coal ofdifferent degrees of quality or grades can be converted into coke, andwhich furnace can also be used for the purpose of obtaining by-products,such as coal-tar and ammonia, at any time when desired from said coal.

The invention consists, essentially, in a series of coke-retorts groupedaround a central gas-conduit, into which some of the gases from theretorts can pass, said chamber being in connection with acombuStien-chamber, from which the heated gas and air can pass throughchannels below and around the retorts, whereby all the retorts areheated uniformly.

The invention also consists in t-he construction and combination ofparts and details, as will be fully described and set forth hereinafter,and then pointed out in the claims.

ln the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a double cross-sectionalelevation of that construction of my improved coke-furnace for richbituminous coal, the left-hand half being through one of the retorts andthe right-hand half through the channels between the retorts. Fig. 2 isa horizontal sectional view of the construction of my improvedcoke-furnace shown in Fig. l, the section showing the furnace in sixdifferent horizontal planes on the lines cc Q32, fc .c2124 Q34, .rfi"5,111 af, respectively, of Fig. l. Fig. 23 is a cross-secti0nal view ofthat construction of my improved coke-furnace adapted forsemi-bituminous coal, the left-hand half of the section being throughthe retorts and the ri ght-hand half of the section through the channelsbetween the retorts. Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view of myimprovedcoke-f urn ace shown in Fig. 1:3, said section being shown in eighthorizontal planes 011 lines y y', fy2 'yi tf1/t e" y, :1/5 y c", :1f if,lys ys, respectively, of Fig. Fig'. 5 is acrosssectional view of thatconstruction of my improved coke-furnace adapted for coal containingbutlittle bitumen, the lett-hand half of the section being through oneof the retorts and the right-hand haltl of the section through thechannels between the retorts. Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view ofthe construction shown in Fig. 5, the sections being on nine differentplanes on lines w w', rc2/102, 'wii w3, w w1, l10" 1o, w 1v, w7 wi, w8w8, wi wJ, respectively, of Fig. 5.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The retorts R are arranged radially around a center, and are allcontained within one common structure, from the middle of which thestack or chimney M projects upward. The said retorts are each providedVwith a top opening l, through which the coal can be passed into them,and in front of said opening G the tops of the retorts are connected bypipes N with an accumulating-pipe O2, eX- tending around the structureon the outside and serving to receive the products of distillation-suehas coal-tar, ammonia, &c.-from which pipe O2 said products ofdistillation are exhausted into a suitable condenser, from which thesurplus gases are conducted through tubular part R of the gas-receivingconduit R2, which is connected by duets R3 with the several retorts R,which ducts R3 can be closed by means of gates R", operated by suitablelcvcrs on the top of the structure. The ducts R3 serve to conduct thegases expelled from the coal, after the production of by-products hasceased, into the upper part of the gas-conduit. During the production ofbyproducts the gates R are lowered to close the ducts R3 and prevent thegases from passing through the said ducts into the gas-conduit.

by an annular combustion-chamber G', having a series of perforatedhorizontal partitions, the sides of the conduit R being perforated topermit the gases to pass into the combustionchamber G. The chamber G isconnected by a series of ducts D with the space or channels K below theretorts R, so as to permit the hot gases to pass under the retorts andto circulate through the channels V between the retorts, which channelsV are shown in the right-hand side of Fig. 1, and have their upper endsin communication with the chimney or stack M. The upper end of eachchannel V, of which there is one for cach re* tort, can be closed bymeans of a sliding gate rlhe gas-receiving conduit R is surrounded achannel N2 to a central upwardly-proj ecting IOO V. (Shown in theright-hand side, Fig. l, and also shown in section Fig. 2.)

L represents a series of zigzag horizontal channels some distance belowthe bottoms of the retorts, said channels serving for conveying air fromthe outside of the furnace structure to the bottom parts of thecombustionchamber G.

The first sector-shaped part of the horizontal section shows thearrangement of the channels L below the retorts. The secondsector-shaped section m2 shows the channels K below the retorts. part w3shows the retorts and the ducts D D, connecting the chamber G with thechannels K below the retorts. The fourth sector-shaped part x4 of thesection shows the retorts. The lifth sector shaped part of the sectionshows the outlet-channels N and the chutes or inlets G for the coal,and, finally, the last part m6 m6 of the section shows the chutes G andthe arrangement of the sliding valves V.

In the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the retort is of aslightly-different shape and additional air-inlets L2 are provided. Inthis case the air passes through the ordinary inlets in the bottom ofthe furnace and mixes with the gases in the combustion-chamber G andsaid mixture of air and gas passes under the retorts and up in thechannels Vbetween them, and into said channels V air is conductedthrough the channel L2, as shown in the right-hand side of Fig. 3.

In the construction shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the gases that have heatedthe retorts do not pass off into the smoke-stack of the furnace, but areconducted into a central shaft S4 and through a channel to a smoke-stacklocated at some distance from the furnace, and which may be used for anumber of furnaces, or the gases may be conducted through the flues of aboiler. In this construction the air-inlets L and L2 are provided, andalso the additional air-inlets L3, which will be more fully describedlater on.

It is evident that my improved furnace can be so adjusted as to producethe by-products mentioned, and in that case the return-gases from thecondenser passing through the channel N2 can be used for heating theretorts, or a mixture of gases passing out of the retorts .and of thereturn-gases with the air can be used for heating the retorts.Experience has proved that that period of the coking process which, ismost advantageous for obtaining by-products precedes the lessadvantageous steps; and it is thus evident in my improved furnace thatduring the time in which the production of the by-products is mostadvantageous the furnace can be so adjusted as to produce theseby-products, (coal-tar and ammonia,) and later on the furnace can be soadjusted as not to produce such ley-products, thus doing away with thenecessity of the expensive double apparatus which has heretofore beennecessary. I am also able to use poor or scant coal, andeven mixturescontain- The third sector-shaped ing fifty per cent. of anthracite andiifty per cent. bituminous coal can be worked economically-that is, toproduce a sufficient quantity of coal-tar and ammonia to cover the costsof Vworking the coal. Such mixtures could not be worked advantageouslyheretofore, as good coke could not be produced, and the production ofthe by-prodncts was entirely out of the question.

It is a well-known fact that immediately after charging the retorts withfresh coal a great quantity of gas is produced, which the ordinarychannels in the old-style coke-furnaces cannot hold, and that thesegases cannot be consumed completely, as they cause the clogging of thechannels, if only temporarily, and thus the gas and air cannot mixproperly in the said channels. In consequence a large quantity of carbonis not consumed and is thus apt to clog the walls of the chamber by thedeposits of soot and carbon,'the result of which is the production ofpoor coke and waste of much heat,V In my improved furnace the surplusgases (in case an exhauster is not used) pass into the gasconduit R2,which is of suiicient size to hold large quantities of gases producedsuddenly. If a retort is discharged, the heating of said retort is notstopped and no cold air can pass into the retort, for the reason thatwhen the chamber isV to be discharged the corresponding valve R4 will beclosed. No other openings are provided through which the air can enter,the outlet-opening being closed sufficientl7 by the coke sliding downthe inclined bottom of the retort.

I now, call attention to a few variations in the circulation of thegases in the three constructions. The circulation of the gases from thechamber G to the channels K below the retorts is the same in allconstructions. As stated before, the gases pass from the upper end ofthe retorts down through the channels K, then separate at their lowestpoints near- IOO IIO

est the doors and circulate between the retorts, and then pass throughthe openings controlled by the valves V into the chimney; or in theconstruction shown in Figs. 5 and 6 they pass through the channel S4,connected with the chimney or boilers.

The furnace shown in Figs. l and 2 has only the air-conducting pipes L',as the gases do not pass through such long channels in the construction,and the coals used in this construction cake considerably and producemuch gas. i

In the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the air-conductors L conductthe air into the chamber G and the air-conductors L2 conduct the airinto the circulating-channels for the gases.

In the construction shown in Figs. 5 and 6 additional air-ducts L3 areprovided, which serve to conduct air into the combustionchamber. Saidducts, L3 (shown in the leftducts T', connected at their opposite endswith the lower part of the shaft S4 and with the channel T2,respectively, so that the spent gasesthat is, the gases that havecirculated through the channels V and pass through the shaft Si-inustcirculate through the channels T in order to pass through the channelsT'2 to the chimney or boilers, and in circulating through the channels Tsaid gases heat the air circulating through the channel L3.

In the construction shown in Figs. l, 2, 3, and l the return gases fromthe condenser pass into the furnace through the channel N2 from thebottom; but in the construction shown in Figs. 5 and G they areconducted into an annular pipe N5 on the top ofthe furnace, and passthrough top openings into the combustion-chamber. ln this construction,Figs. 5 and 0, but few openings for the entrance of the return gases arenecessary, as said return gases are distributed in the chamber G and arethoroughly mixed with the air and other gases.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patentl. A coke-oven having a series of radial retortsconnected by flues with a central annular combuStien-chamber having airand gas ports, substantially as set forth.

2. A coke-oven having a series of retorts arranged radially around andconnected by flues with a central annular combu stion-chamber, and acentral gas conduit or liuc for conveying gases to said annularcombustion chamber, substantially as set forth.

3. A coke-oven having a series of radial retorts connected by ducts witha central gasconduit, said gas-conduit being surrounded by an annularcoinbustion-chainber having air and gas ports, and which annularcombustion-chamber is connected with the central conduit by saidgas-ports, substantially as set forth.

l. A coke-oven having` a series of radial retorts, a central gasconduitwith which said retorts are connected by ducts, an annularcombustion-chainber provided with air-in du ction llues and surroundingthe conduit and in communication with gascombustion chan nels below andbetween the several retorts, and [lues connecting the central conduitand the annular combustion-chamber, substantially as set forth.

5. A coke-oven having a series of radial retorts connected by ducts witha central gasconduit, an annular coinbustion-chamber provided withair-induction Iiues and surround ing the gas-conduit, gas-combustionchannels below and between the retorts, which channels are incommunication with the combustion-chamber, a chimney which is incommunication with the channels below and between the retorts, andlluesconnecting the central conduit and the annular combustion-chamber,substantially as set forth..

G. A coke-oven having a series of radial retorts connected by ducts witha central conduit, a combustion-chamber surrounding the gas-conduit,channels extending from the combustion-chamber under and around thebottoms and sides of the retorts, channels for conducting air into thecombustion-chamber, additional channels for conducting air into thegas-channels between and below the retorts, and ues connecting thecentral conduit and the annular combustionchamber, substantially as setforth.

7. A coke-oven having a series of radial retorts connected by ducts witha central gasconduit, an annular combustion-chamber provided withair-induction liues and surrounding said gas-conduit, lines connectingthe central conduit and the annular combustionchamber, and" a centralexit-pipe within the gas-conduit having its lower end connected with aseries ot' gas-outlet channels which are so arranged vertically betweentwo series of horizontal air-inlet channels that the air passing throughsaid air-inlet channels is heated by spent gases passing out of saidvertical pipe, substantially as set forth.

ln testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed mynamein pres ence of two subscribing Witnesses.

THEODOR BAUER.

Witnesses:

EMIL IIENZEL, EDWARD W. MEALEY.

